Cinnamon leaf oil from Cinnamomum verum is eugenol-dominant (70-90%), giving it a clove-like, phenolic warmth that differs markedly from the sweeter bark oil produced by the same plant — the two oils are chemically and aromatically distinct enough to be used as entirely separate materials in trade. The leaf oil has a substantially better safety profile than bark oil for topical application, though it remains a skin sensitiser and requires appropriate dilution. Antibacterial and antibiofilm activity against clinically relevant pathogens including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Klebsiella pneumoniae has been confirmed in vitro.^[1] Antifungal studies show particular efficacy against Candida biofilm infections, with the oil reducing biofilm viability at concentrations achievable in topical formulations.^[2]