Manuka oil, steam-distilled from Leptospermum scoparium leaves and twigs — particularly the high-triketone East Cape chemotype — is chemically defined by a β-triketone fraction of leptospermone (~17%), isoleptospermone (~5%), and flavesone (~5%), a profile entirely absent from Melaleuca-type tea tree.^[1] These β-triketones are directly responsible for potent antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive organisms and have demonstrated virucidal properties against HSV-1 and HSV-2. GC analysis of oils from 261 individual plants across 87 New Zealand sites confirms that high-triketone expression is geographically concentrated on the East Cape.^[1] Comprehensive reviews recognise manuka oil's broad antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and wound-healing applications and its distinct positioning from both tea tree and kanuka.^[2]