Mastic essential oil is distilled from the resin and leaves of Pistacia lentiscus, a drought-hardy evergreen shrub of the Mediterranean maquis whose resinous exudate — known since antiquity as mastic or mastiha — has been commercially harvested almost exclusively on the Greek island of Chios for over 2,500 years, yielding one of the world's most geographically specific aromatic commodities with Protected Designation of Origin status. GC-MS profiling reveals a composition dominated by monoterpene hydrocarbons — principally a-pinene, myrcene, and b-pinene — giving the oil a fresh, resinous, piney character with subtle warmth that has made it a valued ingredient in Mediterranean fragrance, oral care, and culinary traditions across millennia. Research into its pharmaceutical applications has confirmed broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity: Pistacia lentiscus leaf essential oil demonstrated effective antibacterial action against a wide range of periodontal pathogens and Candida species while simultaneously inhibiting COX-2 and lipoxygenase inflammatory enzymes, with no cytotoxic effects observed against oral epithelial cells at active concentrations.^[1]